Technical Report IDSIA-07-07 A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence
Shane Legg IDSIA, Galleria 2, Manno-Lugano CH-6928, Switzerland www.idsia.ch/∼similar-to\simshane Marcus Hutter IDSIA, Galleria 2, Manno-Lugano CH-6928, Switzerland RSISE/ANU/NICTA, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia www.hutter1.net
Abstract
This paper is a survey of a large number of informal definitions of “intelligence” that the authors have collected over the years. Naturally, compiling a complete list would be impossible as many definitions of intelligence are buried deep inside articles and books. Nevertheless, the 70-odd definitions presented here are, to the authors’ knowledge, the largest and most well referenced collection there is. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Collective definitions 3 Psychologist definitions 4 AI researcher definitions 5 Is a single definition possible?
中文速览
围绕"智能到底是什么"这一争议了几十年却始终没有定论的问题，两位作者系统收集并整理了来自心理学家、人工智能研究者及各类权威机构的70余条智能定义，构成了迄今已知规模最大、引用最完整的定义汇编。研究发现，尽管措辞各异，这些定义在核心内涵上高度重叠——大多围绕"在多种环境中适应、学习、解决问题并实现目标"这一主轴展开。基于这一共性，作者进一步提出了一个可统一描述任意系统的形式化定义——通用智能（universal intelligence），将其与最优学习智能体理论相连接。这项工作不仅为理解人类和动物智能提供了更清晰的概念基础，也为人工智能领域评估和设计智能系统提供了有据可查的理论起点。
原文 arXiv:0706.3639;中英对照 + 大白话阅读 https://aha.fim.ai/paper/0706.3639v1